100 Year Battle to Integrate N.Y.C.'s Fire Dept - 27:16
The Long and Victorious Fight to Integrate the N.Y.C. Fire Department 
with Ginger Adams Otis , Staff Writer 
for the N.Y. Daily News  and author of Firefight: The Century-Long Battle to 
Integrate New York's Bravest 
In 1919, 
when Wesley Williams became a NYC firefighter, he stepped into a 
world that was 100% white and predominantly Irish. Nearly a century later, 
many things in the FDNY had changed--but not the scarcity of blacks. N.Y.C. 
had about 300 black firefighters--roughly 3 percent of the 11,000 
firefighters in a city of 2 million African Americans.. Decades earlier, 
women and Blacks had sued over its hiring practices and won. But the FDNY 
never took permanent steps to eradicate the inequities, which led to a 
courtroom show-down between N.Y.C.'s billionaire Mayor, Mike Bloomberg, and 
a determined group of black activist firefighters members of the Vulcan 
Society. They also faced an insular culture made up of relatives who never 
saw their own inclusion as favoritism. It was not until 2014 that the city 
settled the $98 million lawsuit. At the center of this book are stories of 
courage--about firefighters risking their lives in the line of duty but also 
risking their livelihood by battling an unjust system. Among them: FDNY 
Capt. Paul Washington, a second generation black firefighter, who spent 
his multi-decade career fighting to get equality on the job.
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